How it works
Prime movers spin generators, or inverters synthesize AC from DC sources. Transformers change voltage. Protection systems isolate faults. Operators and automated controls keep the system stable.
Key facts
- Electricity is generated and consumed in real time unless storage is present.
- Grids must balance supply and demand continuously.
- HVDC is used for some long links and offshore connections.
- Decentralized resources change how operators plan the system.
Environment
The environmental profile of electricity is the profile of its generation mix plus network losses and equipment manufacturing. Electrifying heat and transport can cut emissions if generation is clean.